Essay on Ethical Dilemmas Facing Non-Profit Hospital Ceo...

Ethical Dilemmas Facing Non-Profit Hospital CEO Compensation Ethical Dilemmas Facing Non-Profit Hospital CEO Compensation Executive Summary This essay deals with the unethical prevalence of excessive compensation packages granted to nonprofit hospital executives. Nonprofits are highly complex organizations and are vital to the community’s in which they serves. Therefore, it is essential for these organizations to appoint highly motivated individuals knowledgeable of the healthcare industry and capable of managing and leading a hospital during a national recession while health reform is changing the culture of the US healthcare system. However, many nonprofit organization’s tax-exempt statuses should be rescinded for†¦show more content†¦2009). There is a large margin in executive compensation that is dependent on features such as geographical location and size. According to the â€Å"Charity Navigator,† in 2008, the median CEO salary in the Northeast was $351,000 for large hospitals, and $120,000 for small hospitals. In the Mountain West region of the US, the median salaries for a la rge hospital was $194,374, and only $80,790 for small hospitals (Charity Navigator 2010) Seven figure salaries are not a normal occurrence among hospital and health system executives. However, according to the Chronicle of Philanthropy, which does an annual national survey of nonprofit salaries, found that the five top-paid nonprofit chief executives in 2003 all worked for hospitals. On top of these exaggerated salaries are the attractive benefits such as bonuses, deferred income, retirement plans, country club memberships, and countless other perks that are attracting the wrong kind of leaders to these organizations. Hospitals must provide their social responsibility to the community before spending outrageous salaries for chief executives. It is an unethical practice to pay executive teams more than the total spending on the necessitous care of the community. For example, the survey identified 17 hospitals in California where the total compensation to CEO’s alone exceed ed the total cost of charity care of their respective organizations. These excessive salaries could have easilyShow MoreRelatedChapter 9: Behavioral and Organizational Issues in Management Accounting and Control Systems16548 Words   |  67 Pages employees should be able to use the system’s available information in a flexible manner so that it can be customized for the decisions at hand. 9-5 The four major behavioral considerations in MACS design are: (1) embedding the organization’s ethical code of conduct into MACS design, (2) using a mix of short- and long-term qualitative and quantitative performance measures (or the balanced scorecard approach), (3) empowering employees to be involved in decision making and MACS design, and (4) developingRead MoreEssay about Bus 496 Exam Guide11506 Words   |  47 Pagesuses information technology to break down functional barriers and create a work system based on business processes, products, or outputs rather than on functions or inputs in C) reengineering. 93) Which pay strategy is not a form of incentive compensation? 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Ethics - 3978 Words

Unit 9 Final Project HU – 245 - 10 Professor Ronald Wade Erin Broker 8/30/2009 Kaplan University Unit 9 Final Project Introduction Ethics is the area of study that deals with morality and how we make decisions about how we behave as individuals and how our actions reflect our values and conduct towards one another. This class focused on two viewpoints that helped us define morality and how to apply it in new ways of thinking and reasoning when dealing with issues in our lives: consequential reasoning and non-consequential reasoning. Through an evaluation of my collected works, I will attempt to show an improvement in the areas of analytical skill building, knowledge acquisition, and practical application that are the†¦show more content†¦full-time employees working reduced hours would not lose health care coverage (Haynes, 2009). 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His wife is faced with the painful option of either losing the ability to communicate with him by placing him in a comma or keeping him cognizant. Doctors have informed her that his condition has not and will not change or improve. In this situation, doctors and the hospital have informed her that their choices are limitedShow MoreRelatedEthics And Ethics : Ethics922 Words   |  4 Pagesand friend group to be altered. One change I was not anticipating making was my approach to ethics. Over the course of the past fifteen weeks, my knowledge of ethics as well as my approach to ethics has changed. I have become more knowledgeable about the different approaches to ethics and have gained insight as to where I stand in my approach to ethics. One thing that has changed in my approach to ethics since the beginning of the semester is I am now adamant that it is impossible to arrive at aRead MoreEthics : Ethics And Ethics Essay1578 Words   |  7 Pages†¢ Define ethics. 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Case study on Bromberg And Ribstein On Limited Liability Partnerships

Question: Write a report on points of differences between an employee and an independent contractor? Answer: Introduction A Partnership or a Limited Liability Partnership (LLP) involves the coming together of two or more persons for any lawful cause in order to carry on a business with the objective of making profit. A partnership firm and a LLP have many similarities as the structure of LLP is half derived from a partnership (unincorporated). The other half is derived from the structure of an incorporated form or organization. Thus, a LLP is often considered to a hybrid of a partnership and a company form of organization (Bromberg, 2009). LLP form of an entity has all the advantages of both partnership and a company. It has a nature of partnership which gives it flexibility from the compliance point of view and the limited liability concept of an incorporated company which provides the members of a LLP with limited liability towards its assets in the event of winding up of the LLP (Hurt, n.d.). The most striking features of a LLP are: The liability of the partners are limited as regards to their contributions towards the assets of the LLP in the event of winding up of the LLP, and The demarcation of management and ownership. The members may be the managers, but the existence of management and ownership are separate. Thus, the management and ownership of a LLP is separate just like in a company and the liabilities of its partners are limited unlike in a partnership where the liability of partners is unlimited (Ingle, n.d.). To decide viability and profitability between a partnership and a LLP we should have a clear idea about the points of differences between the two. The table below illustrates the points of differences: Points of Difference Partnership LLP Governing Statute Partnership Act, 1890 LLP Act, 2000 Organizational Status Unincorporated Incorporated Registration Optional Should be registered under the said act. Relationship of Partners Governed by the Laws of Agency. Partners are agents of each other. Fiduciary. Partners are agent of the LLP. Liability of Partners Unlimited or as agreed upon Limited to the extent provided in the Document of Incorporation. Designated Partners No such designation in a partnership. At least two designated partners required who will be responsible for compliance of the applicable regulations and disclosure of information to the Registrar. Constitutional Document Deed of Partnership Document of Incorporation. Commencement of Business Business can be commenced after the execution of the partnership deed. Business can commence only after obtaining a Certificate of Incorporation from the Registrar. Legal Entity A partnership firm does not have a separate legal entity. A LLP is a separate legal entity independent of its members. Management Ownership Management ownership are same. Management ownership are separate. Membership Requirements Minimum 2 and maximum 20. Minimum 2 and there is no upper limit. Registration of Member changes Can be done internally without involving any registration requirement. Changes in the composition of membership should be registered with the registrar. Audit requirement and filing of documents. No such requirement. Required under LLP Regulations 2001 and GAAP. Rights Taxation Profits are distributed among the partners according to their contribution who pay individual income tax for their income. Profits are distributed equally and the members pay individual income tax. Applicability of Companies Act Not applicable. Certain provisions are applicable. Perpetual Succession No. A LLP has a perpetual succession as it is independent of its members. Dissolution A partnership can be dissolved when the deed expires of by simply termination the deed. Proper provisions of the LLP Regulations, Companies Act has to be followed for voluntary winding up or suo moto winding up by the Registrar. Registration for VAT Not applicable. As a LLP is formed as a body corporate, it can register itself for VAT. Binding effect of acts of the Members Acts of members and of the partnership are binding on the other members. Personal liabilities of members arising of acts of any member are distributed jointly and/or severally. Acts of members are binding on the LLP even if a member acts outside his authority provided in the members agreement. There is no personal liability of the members arising for contracts or debts of a LLP and of other members. Applicability of Stamp Duty Stamp Duty is applicable on transfer of land, shares or any other interest in a partnership firm. Stamp Duty is not chargeable on any instrument evidencing a conveyance for a period of one year in respect of a person transferring any property in connection with the incorporation of the LLP. The above table gives us a fair idea about the main points of differences between a partnership and a LLP. Overall, the advantages offered by a LLP puts them in a preferable position when entrepreneurs are floating new businesses (Legislation.gov.uk, 2015). Thus, we can outline some major advantages of LLPs as below: Flexibility: As mentioned earlier, LLPs combine the advantages of a partnership and a company which gives them a strategic advantage in the business field. Setting up a LLP is the easiest and involves negligible cost as compared to formation of a partnership and a company. It contains the flexibility of a partnership and the limited liability concept of a company (Legislation.gov.uk, 2015). Separate Legal Entity: LLP has a separate legal entity just as an incorporated form of organization. It has perpetual succession and is an independent legal person in the eyes of the law (Legislation.gov.uk, 2015). Less Expensive: It is comparatively less expensive while setting up a LLP. Transparent: As a LLP is regulated by a number of legislations, its activities are much more transparent than a normal partnership. It has to file its returns and has regulated disclosure requirements (Legislation.gov.uk, 2015). Ease of Doing Business: A LLP has equal proportions of capital and profits which helps it to do business without any complex calculations relating to admission and retirement of partners, dissolution etc (Legislation.gov.uk, 2015). Reconstruction: Restructuring methods such as mergers and amalgamations are applicable to a LLP which is not available to a partnership firm. Thus, in need a LLP can undertake corporate restructuring in times of need (Mawrey and Riley-Smith, 2012). Acceptance of Public Deposits: This is a grey area as far as the legislations go in the case of LLPs. Generally, acceptance of deposits in the UK are governed by a number of legislations such as the Companies Act, 2006 and section 5 of the Financial Services and Markets Act, 2000 (Regulated Activities) Order 2001. In case of LLPs, The LLP Act and LLP Regulations also come into play (Moore, 2013). A LLP is incorporated as a separate legal entity or as a body corporate, just as a company limited by shares. Public limited companies are allowed to accept deposits from the public at large under the authority of the above mentioned acts. But, the legislations applicable to a LLP, does not provide any restrictive provisions regarding acceptance of deposits in the case of a LLP. Thus, this provides an opportunity for the LLPs to accept deposits from the public. Due care should be taken while doing so by complying with all the necessary disclosure requirement and proper approvals should be applied for. Conclusion Thus, in short, LLPs provide ample of opportunities with a sense of flexibility to carry on business. It provides a proper organizational structure with a separate legal entity which gives transparency. With the ability to undertake corporate restructuring and the option of conversion to a limited liability company, LLPs are definitely way ahead in the race. Therefore, it is my recommendation to go for a LLP which is a corporate form of enterprise. Introduction In the above mentioned question we have to differentiate between an employee and an independent contractor for a business associate who has taken over as the operations manager of a small business. To understand the difference we need to have a clear idea of who an employee and an independent contractor is from the viewpoint of an organization? The demarcation should be clear as the nature of liability of the organization and the business relationship between them depends largely on this clear demarcation. Such demarcation of the nature of business relationship is from a legal point of view and from the taxation point of view (Johnstone, 2010). Who is an employee? Employee is a person who employment is governed by an employment contract. An employee may hold different status under employment rules and tax rules. An employee has specific employment rights and responsibilities with a different set of obligations towards an employer which are different from an independent contractor (Hammond and Hammond, 1919). Employment Rights of an Employee An employee has the status of a worker in a company buy he enjoys certain benefits and obligations out of his employment towards his employer which are different from non-employees (English, 2006). An employee provides services on a continuous basis. The following are the rights and obligations that an employee has: Employment contract includes the Offer Letter and the Appointment Letter. The principal is known as employer and the contracted person is known as employee (Frank, 2010). Compensation is termed as salary which is their source of income for tax purposes. An employee is a part of the organization. The services of an employee are exclusive for his employer (Anon, 2015). Statutory sick leave is granted to an employee along with other leaves such as parental leave and shared parental leave which are treated as paid leaves (Quinlan, 1992). Minimum notice period requirements before resigning. Legislative protection against unfair termination of employment. An employee can be discharged from employment which is the evidence of the amount of control that the management of a company can exercise (Fenwick et al., n.d.). An employee has the right to terminate his employment relationship with the company or the employer without incurring any extra liability. The employee is never in a position to make any profits or loss in the course of his services rendered (Dyer, 2010). Flexible working request right. Time off in case of emergencies. Redundancy pay under statute. Required to work on a continuous basis until the commencement of a leave. Fixed working hours of work. Has to follow a proper organizational structure and hierarchy. Employees cannot be substituted by someone else. Applicable deductions of tax and National Insurance Contributions from their salary. Employee policies and rules of the company are applicable. The employer provides them with all the necessary material resources required to do their respective jobs. Who is an independent contractor? An independent contractor is a self employed person who does not have a separate principal other than himself. An independent contractor runs his business himself and is solely responsible for the profits and losses he makes. This is the major reason why they are not included in employment laws of the UK. Independent contractors are generally hired for a particular job required to be done by a professional on a contractual basis. Their employment ceases on the completion of the work or by terminating the contract (either mutually or if the contract is rescinded by any party to the contract) (Gov.uk, 2015). Employment rights of an independent contractor Although, independent contractors are not covered by the applicable employment laws, they still do have a few rights while under a contract of employment. Following are the rights and obligations of an independent contractor or a self employed person: The job contract is an agreement between the contractor and the company employing the professional. The binding agreement is generally the contract for employment. The compensation is in the nature of contract price payable by the company. The relationship of employer and employee does not exist. He does not form a part of the organization. The services of an independent contractor are not exclusive and are available to anyone who wants to employ them. The agreement is governed by the Contract Act and is available for remedies under the said act. He is not entitled to statutory leaves from employment such as parental leaves. He is not under Pay As You Earn (PAYE) scheme and no deductions are done from the contract price (Gov.uk, 2015). An independent contractor cannot be fired by the management of the company employing his services as the relationship of employer and employee is absent in this case. Casual termination of the contract on the whims and fancies of the contractor cannot be done as this will attract extra liability on part of the independent contractor. They do have a few protections for their health and safety while working in the premises of the contractor. There is no requirement of working for fixed hours. It is mainly concerned by the amount of work done and its completion. No requirements of registration under HMRC. Income is in the nature of business income and is assessed differently under the tax laws. No requirements as to notice period. Engagement can be terminated for any breach of contract or on completion of work. An independent contractor generally makes profit or loss on the successful execution of the job contract as it is a business transaction on part of the contracting parties and is largely due to the fact that the contract price is generally negotiated by the parties to the contract. Has no liability to follow the prevailing organizational structure and hierarchy. All the material and resources required to complete the job are to be brought in by the person contracted to do the job. Arbitration option available in the event of any dispute that arises in the course of work which results in interruption in executing the contract. An independent contractor is not provided any training by the company engaging his services to perform the job. The principal is not concerned about the person who the contractor employs or uses to do the job. Conclusion Thus, the above mentioned points makes it abundantly clear about the points of differences between an employee and an independent contractor. It is utmost necessary to establish a proper nature of relationship between the contracting parties because the nature and extent of liability in each is different. Hiring an employee attracts much more legislative and statutory requirements to be followed by the employer. On the other hand, engaging an independent contractor gives the employer much flexibility and ease as it attracts less legal requirements on part of the employer. The most striking requirement is the registration requirements for the purpose of tax deduction and deduction of National Insurance which are applicable only to the employees of an organization. It is therefore, evident that the people engaged as an employee in an organization enjoy much more rights than an independent contractor. But it is also true that the employees get a fixed amount as salary, but on the other hand an independent contractor may charge a much greater price for rendering his services. Sometimes it becomes necessary for an organization to engage professional people in specialized matters or to do a particular kind of job which is not possible for an ordinary employee. References Anon, (2015). [online] Available at: https:// [Accessed 9 Jul. 2015]. Bromberg, A. (2009).Bromberg and Ribstein on limited liability partnerships, the Revised Uniform Partnership Act, and the Uniform Limited Partnership Act (2001). Austin [Tex.]: Wolters Kluwer Law Business. Dyer, C. (2010). Labour pledges to reform libel laws in England and Wales.BMJ, 340(mar25 2), pp.c1712-c1712. English, B. (2006).A common thread. Athens: University of Georgia Press. Fenwick, C., Howe, J., Marshall, S. and Landau, I. (n.d.). Labour and Labour-Related Laws in Micro and Small Enterprises: Innovative Regulatory Approaches.SSRN Journal. Frank, C. (2010).Master and servant law. Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate. Gov.uk, (2015).Business tax: PAYE - GOV.UK. [online] Available at: https://www.gov.uk/topic/business-tax/paye [Accessed 9 Jul. 2015]. Gov.uk, (2015).Employment status - GOV.UK. [online] Available at: https://www.gov.uk/employment-status/selfemployed-contractor [Accessed 9 Jul. 2015]. Hammond, J. and Hammond, B. (1919).The village labourer 1760-1832. London: Longmans, Green. Hurt, C. (n.d.). The Limited Liability Partnership in Bankruptcy.SSRN Journal. Ingle, D. (n.d.). Hybrid of Partnership and Corporation IE: 'Limited Liability Partnership' Critics.SSRN Journal. Johnstone, S. (2010).Labour and management co-operation. Burlington, Vt.: Gower Pub. Legislation.gov.uk, (2015).Companies Act 2006. [online] Available at: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2006/46/contents [Accessed 9 Jul. 2015]. Legislation.gov.uk, (2015).Limited Liability Partnerships Regulations 2001. [online] Available at: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2001/1090/schedule/2/made [Accessed 9 Jul. 2015]. Legislation.gov.uk, (2015).Limited Liability Partnerships Act 2000. [online] Available at: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2000/12/contents [Accessed 9 Jul. 2015]. Legislation.gov.uk, (2015).Partnership Act 1890. [online] Available at: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Vict/53-54/39/contents [Accessed 9 Jul. 2015]. Legislation.gov.uk, (2015).The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Regulated Activities) Order 2001. [online] Available at: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2001/544/article/5/made [Accessed 9 Jul. 2015]. Mawrey, R. and Riley-Smith, T. (2012).Butterworths commercial and consumer law handbook. London: LexisNexis. Moore, M. (2013).Company Law Statutes 2011-2012. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Quinlan, M. (1992). Making Labour Laws Fit for the Colonies: The Introduction of Laws Regulating Whalers in Three Australian Colonies 1835-1855.Labour History, (62), p.19.

Philosphy - Mills Utilitarianism Essays - Utilitarianism

Philosphy - Mills Utilitarianism Mill's Utilitarianism: Sacrifice the innocent for the common good? When faced with a moral dilemma, utilitarianism identifies the appropriate considerations, but offers no realistic way to gather the necessary information to make the required calculations. This lack of information is a problem both in evaluating the welfare issues and in evaluating the consequentialist issues which utilitarianism requires be weighed when making moral decisions. Utilitarianism attempts to solve both of these difficulties by appealing to experience; however, no method of reconciling an individual decision with the rules of experience is suggested, and no relative weights are assigned to the various considerations. In deciding whether or not to torture a terrorist who has planted a bomb in New York City, a utilitarian must evaluate both the overall welfare of the people involved or effected by the action taken, and the consequences of the action taken. To calculate the welfare of the people involved in or effected by an action, utilitarianism requires that all individuals be considered equally. Quantitative utilitarians would weigh the pleasure and pain which would be caused by the bomb exploding against the pleasure and pain that would be caused by torturing the terrorist. Then, the amounts would be summed and compared. The problem with this method is that it is impossible to know beforehand how much pain would be caused by the bomb exploding or how much pain would be caused by the torture. Utilitarianism offers no practical way to make the interpersonal comparison of utility necessary to compare the pains. In the case of the bomb exploding, it at least seems highly probable that a greater amount of pain would be caused, at least in the present, by the bomb exploding. This probability suffices for a quantitative utilitarian, but it does not account for the consequences, which create an entirely different problem, which will be discussed below. The probability also does not hold for Mill's utilitarianism. Mill's Utilitarianism insists on qualitative utilitarianism, which requires that one consider not only the amount of pain or pleasure, but also the quality of such pain and pleasure. Mill suggests that to distinguish between different pains and pleasures we should ask people who have experienced both types which is more pleasurable or more painful. This solution does not work for the question of torture compared to death in an explosion. There is no one who has experienced both, therefore, there is no one who can be consulted. Even if we agree that the pain caused by the number of deaths in the explosion is greater than the pain of the terrorist being tortured, this assessment only accounts for the welfare half of the utilitarian's considerations. Furthermore, one has no way to measure how much more pain is caused by allowing the bomb to explode than by torturing the terrorist. After settling the issues surrounding the welfare, a utilitarian must also consider the consequences of an action. In weighing the consequences, there are two important considerations. The first, which is especially important to objectivist Utilitarianism, is which people will be killed. The second is the precedent which will be set by the action. Unfortunately for the decision maker, the information necessary to make either of these calculations is unavailable. There is no way to determine which people will be killed and weigh whether their deaths would be good for society. Utilitarianism requires that one compare the good that the people would do for society with the harm they would do society if they were not killed. For example, if a young Adolf Hitler were in the building, it might do more good for society to allow the building to explode. Unfortunately for an individual attempting to use utilitarianism to make for decisions, there is no way to know beforehand what a person will do. Furthermore, without even knowing which building the bomb is in, there is no way to predict which people will surely be in the building. A subjectivist utilitarian would dismiss this consideration and would examine only what a rational person would consider to be the consequence; however, even the subjectivist utilitarian must face the question of precedent setting. Utilitarianism considers justice and humane treatment to be good for

Successful Fashion Marketing Strategy Essay Example For Students

Successful Fashion Marketing Strategy Essay When I first read that the topic of this creative assignment was to write about a successful fashion marketing campaign only one name came to mind: Marc Jacobs. How do you even begin to put his legacy into a one-page paper? Marc Jacobs is truly a fashion icon and is worshipped by anyone with half of a brain. His ability to make soft-feminine floral into something edgy and new has always been one of a kind. He has repeatedly transformed himself and his brand each year into something different. We will write a custom essay on Successful Fashion Marketing Strategy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now From his wacky sweaters in his early days at Parsons, to his amazing work at Louis Button, Marc Jacobs has done it all. His own words describe him best: a little preppie, a little grungy, a little couture. He covers every type of man and woman. His brand has grown with its clientele base like no other brand on the market. As a woman I can shop his collections no matter if Im looking for a funky tee-shirt or a classically beautiful gown. Early on he worked for Perry Ellis with his grunge attire. The world followed his lead and grunge became a worldwide sensation. Marc Jacobs shows are haphazard ND messy, yet glamorous and beautiful all at the same time. He knows the simple elegance of throwing an outfit together that looks half-runway, half-thrift shop. His ads are moody, and draw you in entirely. I cannot think of one product that he has touched that hasnt turned into gold. His outreaches into perfumes and makeup have only solidified him even more. He breathed life back into Louis Button and made them what they are today. Marc Jacobs will continue to be the most inspiring and motivational person in my life. His empire knows no end.

How to Grade Papers and Assignments When Homeschooling

How to Grade Papers and Assignments When Homeschooling For classroom teachers, grading tests and papers is second nature. However, if you are a homeschooling parent, you may be unsure about the best way to figure percentage grades, letter grades, and grade point average. You may not even be fully convinced that assigning grades is necessary, choosing instead to work to mastery on each assignment. How to Calculate Percentage and Letter Grades If you decide to grade your students’ schoolwork, use these simple steps to determine the percentage and letter grade for any assignment or test. To calculate a grade, you will need to figure out the percentage of questions that your student  answered correctly. All you need to know to find the grade is the total number of questions on the assignment and how many answers are correct. After that, you will just need to plug a simple equation into a calculator and convert the percentage to a letter grade. Heres how: Correct the paper.Determine the number of total questions.Count the number of questions answered correctly.Take the number of correct answers and divide by the total number of questions. (Example: 15 correct answers divided by 20 total questions equals 0.75)Multiply this number by 100 to turn it into a percentage. (Example: 0.75 multiplied by 100 equals 75%)Grade ranges often vary among professors and teachers. However, a typical, easy-to-use grade scale is: 90-100% A80-89% B70-79% C60-69% D59% and below F Using the examples above, 75% would earn a C letter grade. How to Calculate GPA If you’re homeschooling high school, you will likely need to figure your student’s overall grade point average (GPA) for his high school transcript. Calculate the cumulative GPA  by dividing the total number of grade points earned by the number of credit hours attempted. A typical grade point scale is: A 4.0B 3.0C 2.0D 1.0 There are variances for /- grades that will vary based on the percentage grade scale you use. For example, if you use the ten points per letter grade scale, a 95% might indicate an A- which would translate to a grade point of 3.5. Here’s how: To figure out your student’s cumulative GPA: Determine the total number of grade points earned. For example, if your student received three A’s and one B, his grade point total would be 15 (3x4 12; 1x33; 12315).Divide the grade point total by the number of credits attempted. In the example above, if each course reflected one credit hour, your student’s GPA would be 3.75 (15 grade points divided by 4 credit hours 3.75) Why Do Homeschoolers Need Grades? Many  homeschooling families choose not to bother with grades since they don’t move on until a child fully understands the concept. Working to mastery means that the student would ultimately never earn less than an A. Even if your homeschooling family works to mastery, there are a few reasons you may need to assign percentage or letter grades for your students. Some students find the challenge of getting good grades motivational. Some kids like the challenge of seeing how many answers they can get correct. These students  are motivated by earning high scores. This may be especially true for kids who have  been in a traditional school setting  or those who homeschool using a more school-at-home approach. They don’t see the point of completing worksheets or tests if they dont receive a grade for their work. Grades can provide valuable feedback for these students to understand how they are performing.   Grades provide an objective means of assessing student performance. Many homeschooling parents find it difficult to strike a balance between being overly critical and overly lax about their student’s academic performance. It can be helpful to  create a grading rubric  so that both you and your student know what’s expected. A rubric can help you assess your student’s work objectively and force you to focus on specific issues. For example, if you’re working on teaching  him to write a descriptive paragraph, a rubric can help you stay focused on descriptive elements and ignore run-on sentences or grammar errors until another assignment. High school students may need grades for their transcript. Even if you prefer not to assign  grades in your homeschool, homeschoolers who will be applying  for  college admission  may need them for their high school transcripts. Some  courses may be difficult to assign a  percentage  grade, particularly more  interest-led topics. An alternative is to assign  a letter grade based on your student’s understanding of the topic and the effort put forth in doing the work. For  example, a strong understanding and effort  might earn an A. Solid knowledge and a decent but not outstanding effort might earn a B. You might assign a C if your student understands the topic well enough to move on without repeating the course and/or  you would have liked to have seen more effort applied. Anything less would mean repeating the course.   Some homeschooling laws may require grades. Your state homeschooling laws may require submitting grades to the county or state school superintendent, umbrella school, or other governing bodies.   Assigning percentage and letter grades doesnt have to be difficult. These simple steps can make it easy no matter which route you choose. Updated by Kris Bales

Performance Management and Organizational Goals Research Paper

Performance Management and Organizational Goals - Research Paper Example It is important to understand that efforts imparted at every level of the organization need to be in accordance with the goals and values of the organization. Clarity in communicating organizational goals makes it possible for the employees to understand what is expected of them ultimately making their efforts more focused and directed. however, organizations need to support the employees in developing skills and expertise through training activities, setting SMART goals, creating a strong organizational culture, giving them ownership of their work and providing them with adequate tools and equipment to perform well. Thus the relationship between performance management and fulfillment of organizational goals is a direct one which implicates that higher performance management activities are bound to fulfill more organizational goals. There are several drivers to hone employee performance for example technology, strategy, industrial relations, organizational restructuring, change and risk management, management implications etc. for my organization that consists of an apparel manufacturing business, technology ranks the highest amongst these drivers. This is because like every manufacturing business, the end result that is desired I that of production efficiency. By employing the latest technology and imparting adequate raining regarding its use, employees are bound to perform better at work. Workplace satisfaction may also be affected subsequently as the employees feel they are being provided with valuable training that helps them develop their skill set (Gray, 2011). As far as the organizational goals are concerned, it is important to align each sub-goal with the overall strategy. For example, the apparel manufacturing facility selected for this case aims at becoming a recognized name in the local market for the production of baby clothes. For this purpose, the marketing activities need to be directed towards projecting the brand as